Dry Scalp vs. Dandruff: How to Tell the Difference and Care for Your Scalp Naturally

You’re not alone if you’ve stood in the haircare aisle wondering: is this dry scalp or dandruff? These two conditions are often confused—and while their symptoms may look similar (itching, flaking, irritation), the causes and treatments can be entirely different. Understanding which one you’re dealing with is the first step toward choosing the right products, avoiding flare-ups, and restoring balance to your scalp. 

So, let’s break it down: what’s actually happening to your scalp, how can you tell the difference, and which gentle, sustainable solutions can help? 

Spoiler: Ethique’s Scalp Health Solid Shampoo is a great place to start—formulated with soothing botanicals and none of the plastic or harsh ingredients. 

Understanding Dry Scalp and Dandruff 

What is Dry Scalp? 

Dry scalp occurs when your skin isn’t producing or holding enough natural oils to stay hydrated. It’s especially common in colder months or environments with low humidity. Hot water, harsh shampoos, or over-washing can also strip the scalp’s protective layer—leaving it tight, itchy, and shedding small, white flakes. 

Dry scalp flakes tend to be finer and more powdery than dandruff, and you might notice an overall feeling of dryness across your scalp and hair. 

Common triggers: 

What is Dandruff? 

Dandruff is usually caused by excess oil production and a microbial imbalance—particularly the overgrowth of Malassezia, a naturally occurring fungus. This imbalance can trigger the skin to renew too quickly, leading to visible flakes, oil buildup, and sometimes redness or inflammation. 

Dandruff flakes are often larger, greasier, and may cling to the scalp or hair. It’s commonly linked to seborrheic dermatitis, but can also stem from poor product use or infrequent washing. 

Common causes: 

Telling the difference is the key to choosing products that actually work. Pay attention to the type of flakes, your scalp’s oiliness, and how your skin feels overall. 

Sustainable Treatment Options 

Caring for Dry Scalp Naturally 

For dry scalp, the goal is to hydrate, not strip. Look for gentle, soothing formulas that lock in moisture and nourish the skin barrier. 

Ethique’s Scalp Health Solid Shampoo is a standout. It’s made with: 

Clinically shown to reduce flakes after just one wash, this bar is plastic-free and gentle enough for sensitive or colour-treated hair. 

Other tips: 

Managing Dandruff Responsibly 

For dandruff, consider shampoos with active ingredients like: 

Avoid heavy oils that can worsen buildup and wash regularly to prevent flare-ups. Ethique doesn't offer medicated options, but you can pair our gentle, plastic-free bars with targeted treatments when needed. 

Lifestyle matters too: 

When to Consult a Professional 

If your symptoms are severe, worsening, or not improving with over-the-counter options, it’s best to speak with your doctor. They can rule out more complex conditions like: 

 
Dry scalp and dandruff may look alike—but they need very different care. Whether you’re dealing with dryness or excess oil, tuning in to your scalp’s real needs is the first step. 

Our Scalp Health Solid Shampoo offers a gentle, sustainable starting point for healthier, flake-free hair. Pair it with a moisturising conditioner or your favourite calming scalp serum, and you’ve got a solid (pun intended) routine.